Oncology (cancer) diseases increase every year and oncology diseases occupy 11% among deaths from noninfectious diseases. Oncology diseases are an important part of health care costs and social, psychological and emotional loads of these diseases are more severe and complicated than other diseases. The study of cancer reasons, its occurrence and spread in the country and its different regions as well as in different age groups of population are particular importance in terms of public health and health economics. Furthermore, the questions such as who or which group of population are at risk of cancer always concern population, doctors and public health bodies. Cancer register is important to answer such numerous questions and has already confirmed its usefulness in many countries in the world. Cancer registry collects data about cancer patients, their treatment (medication, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, palliative care, etc.) as well as histological types of cancer and keeps a specially created database. Analysis of the data collected in the cancer registry, including comparative analysis allow to take appropriate measures to prevent cancer, to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment methods, to organize preventive and diagnostic measures aimed at the different population groups etc. Since November 2014, National Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Azerbaijan Republic and Public Health and Reforms Center (PHRC) launched to establish Cancer Registry Program. Under this program, in January-March 2015, specialists of NCO and PHRC participated in the training courses and experience exchange programs outside of the country, International Classification of Oncology Diseases (İCD-O-3) was translated and edited, a number of internal documents of National Center of Oncology adapted to the requirements of Cancer Registry. In April-June 2015, Cancer Registry seminars for doctors in all departments of National Center of Oncology will be completed and it will be started to include data about patients diagnosed with cancer in Cancer Registry. Currently, Cancer Registry registers data about only patients treated and examined in NCO. Recently, it is intended to expand the scope. As a result, in accordance with recommendations of the World Health Organization, establishment and activity of National Cancer Register in the Azerbaijan Republic will be ensured.